在现实的应用环境中,往往根据业务请求的不同将相关的请求指定到不同的后端服务器中,例如客户是静态资源的请求,haproxy就将请求转发给静态服务器,如果是动态的请求就转发给静态服务器,haproxy实现动静分离是通过acl匹配规则来实现这一目的。
(1)在192.168.180.4上配置static服务器
[root@Monitor conf]# vim /data/index.html
<h1>192.168.180.4---static</h1>
[root@Monitor conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
user appuser appuser;
error_log /data/nginx/error.log;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
sendfile on;
access_log /data/nginx/access.log;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
server_tokens off;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.180.4;
access_log /data/nginx/nginx.access.log;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
# root /data/www/;
root /data/;
}
}
[root@Monitor conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
保存后直接加载nginx ,在浏览器上查看该页面
(2)在192.168.180.9安装配置php服务器。
[root@localhost www]# vim /www/html/www/index.php
<h1>this is 192.168.180.9---dynamic for php page</h1>
[root@localhost www]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
location ~ .php$ {
root /www/html/www;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
重新加载nginx ,在浏览器中查看如下界面:
(3)在192.168.180.2服务器中安装配置jsp测试界面
[root@ittestserver1 m]# vim 1.jsp
this is test jsp page
[root@ittestserver1 conf]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
查看测试界面
(4)接下来是最重要的配置haproxy服务器
[root@localhost haproxy]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
log 127.0.0.1 local2 info ###[err warning info debug]
chroot /usr/local/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid ###haproxy的pid存放路径,启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件
maxconn 4000 ###最大连接数,默认4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon ###创建1个进程进入deamon模式运行。此参数要求将运行模式设置为"daemon"
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http ###默认的模式mode { tcp|http|health },tcp是4层,http是7层,health只会返回OK
log global ###采用全局定义的日志
option dontlognull ###不记录健康检查的日志信息
option httpclose ###每次请求完毕后主动关闭http通道
option httplog ###日志类别http日志格式
option forwardfor ###如果后端服务器需要获得客户端真实ip需要配置的参数,可以从Http Header中获得客户端ip
option redispatch ###serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器
timeout connect 10000 #default 10 second timeout if a backend is not found
timeout client 300000 ###客户端连接超时
timeout server 300000 ###服务器连接超时
maxconn 60000 ###最大连接数
retries 3 ###3次连接失败就认为服务不可用,也可以通过后面设置
####################################################################
listen stats
bind 0.0.0.0:1080 #监听端口
stats refresh 30s #统计页面自动刷新时间
stats uri /stats #统计页面url
stats realm Haproxy Manager #统计页面密码框上提示文本
stats auth admin:admin #统计页面用户名和密码设置
stats hide-version #隐藏统计页面上HAProxy的版本信息
stats enable ###启用管理界面
stats admin if TRUE ##如果登录成功就可以管理在线服务器
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend main
#frontend www # *表示haproxy监听所有地址,监听的端口为80
bind 0.0.0.0:80
# bind *:8080
#######定义访问控制,表示url以.css .js .html .php结尾的分别调度到哪台服务器上访问
# acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .html
acl url_dynamic_php path_end -i .php
acl url_dynamic_jsp path_end -i .jsp
#######usr_backend表示使用backend服务,if表示如果满足url_static这个条件就调度到这台服务器上
use_backend static if url_static ###满足策略要求,则响应策略定义的backend静态页面
use_backend dynamic_php if url_dynamic_php ###满足策略要求,则响应策略定义的backend静态页面
se_backend dynamic_jsp if url_dynamic_jsp ###满足策略要求,则响应策略定义的backend静态页面
# default_backend dynamic ###不满足则响应backend的默认动态页面
# default_backend dynamic ###不满足则响应backend的默认动态页面
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend static ###定义后端静态请求响应
balance roundrobin ###负载均衡模式轮询
server static 192.168.180.4:80 check ###后端服务器定义
#server static 192.168.180.9:80 check ###后端服务器定义
backend dynamic_php #####定义后端动态请求响应
balance roundrobin
server phpsrv1 192.168.180.9:80 check maxconn 2000
# server websrv1 dd192.168.180.9:80 check maxconn 2000
#server websrv2 192.168.180.4:80 check maxconn 2000
# server websrv2 192.168.180.2:443 check maxconn 2000
backend dynamic_jsp #####定义后端动态请求响应
balance roundrobin
server jspsrv1 192.168.180.2:8081 check maxconn 2000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
errorfile 403 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/403.http
errorfile 500 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/500.http
errorfile 502 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/502.http
errorfile 503 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/503.http
[root@localhost haproxy]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
(1)测试static页面并查看haproxy的访问日志;
[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
Jul 20 18:07:22 localhost haproxy[6436]: 192.168.181.231:53672 [20/Jul/2017:18:07:22.371] main static/static 0/0/0/1/1 304 167 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1"
(2)访问php页面
[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
Jul 20 18:08:36 localhost haproxy[6436]: 192.168.181.231:53834 [20/Jul/2017:18:08:36.261] main dynamic_php/phpsrv1 0/0/1/0/2 200 2332 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 "GET /index.php?=PHPE9568F35-D428-11d2-A769-00AA001ACF42 HTTP/1.1"
(3)访问jsp页面
[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
Jul 20 18:09:58 localhost haproxy[6436]: 192.168.181.231:54015 [20/Jul/2017:18:09:57.999] main dynamic_jsp/jspsrv1 0/0/1/2/3 200 188 - - ---- 0/0/0/0/0 0/0 "GET /1.jsp HTTP/1.1"
(4)查看haproxy监控页面
总之:haproxy可以利用acl规则匹配url做相应的请求跳转,比如动静分离,域名跳转等等应用需求,haproxy是一款性能很强大的四层以及七层代理server。HAProxy运行在 当前的硬件上,完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中,同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。